Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Pituitary tumours one of the most commonly occurring intracranial neoplasms accounting for up to the 15 % of all intracranial neoplasms. Pituitary tumours are often associated with overproduction of hormones or, when they are large, they cause mass effect on surrounding neural structures which are adjacent to their typical location in the Sella turcica. Due to their multifaceted effects pituitary tumours may cause cognitive impairment due hormonal deficiency or m...

Introduction: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasms (MEN) are a group of rare hereditary tumours which have strong predisposition to endocrine organs. MEN1 is an autosomal-dominant inherited neoplasm with a broad genetic phenotype, characterised by synchronised or asynchronous triad neoplasms localised in the anterior pituitary, parathyroid and pancreas (Kamilaris and Stratakis, 2019; Li et al., 2022). Despite advances in the fields of diagnostic techniques and therapies, MEN1...

Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy is both an endocrine and a neurosurgical emergency, and can typically present with sudden onset of headaches, impaired level of consciousness, fever, visual disturbances, nausea or vomiting. Apoplexy ensues when pre-existing pituitary tumour presumably outgrows its blood supply leading to ischaemia, necrosis and haemorrhage or infarction.Case: A 31-year-old man presented to the hospital with 3 months’ history of grad...

Introduction: Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis can cause a diverse range of atypical presentations, depending on the system involved. Involvement of lymph nodes, pleura, central nervous system and bone are some of the organs that are well-described in the literature. This leads to a diverse range of presentations which can misguide diagnosis unless there is a high index of suspicion. Endocrinological manifestations are rare, but can occur uponhaematogenous dissemi...

Background: Hyponatraemia is the commonest electrolyte abnormality in clinical practice, and may be a biochemical manifestation of different diseases including malignancy. Uterine neuroendocrine tumours causing hyponatraemia are rare and can cause a diagnostic challenge.We present a case of 68 years widow who presented with 3 weeks history of nausea, occasional vomiting, confusion, increased urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, chronic constipation, ...

Background: Poor glycaemic control with erratic blood glucose levels manifesting as recurrent hyperglycaemia with unpredictable episodes of hypoglycaemia is problem still faced today in daily practice. The causes include poor compliance and failure of oral hypoglycaemic. Despite being on insulin (38% of type 2 diabetes patients who require insulin treatment after 10 years) and type 1 diabetes patients continue to have fluctuing glucose concentration. The poor glycaemic control...

Background: Lithium remains a first-line treatment for bipolar affective disorder and acute maniac state despite the introduction of newer and effective treatment. Lithium therapy is associated with a variety of side effects. Although thyroid dysfunction is the most widely recognised endocrine side effect, hypercalcaemia and more rarely a biochemical picture resembling primary hyperparathyroidism or familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia may develop. Recognition of this less co...

Background: Poor glycaemic control with erratic blood glucose levels manifesting as recurrent hyperglycaemia with unpredictable episodes of hypoglycaemia is problem still faced today in daily practice. The causes include poor compliance and failure of oral hypoglycaemic. Despite being on insulin (38% of type 2 diabetes patients who require insulin treatment after 10 years) and type 1 diabetes patients continue to have fluctuating glucose concentration. The poor glycaemic contr...

IntroductionMultiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy arising from plasma cells. It accounts for 10% of all haematological malignancies. Myeloma usually occurs in people over the age of 65, however, we have noted an increase occurrence of people with a younger age.Case ReportA 68 year old male, with background of hypertension and right total hip replacement, was referred to the outpatient haematology; a...

Introduction: An adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter, which is incidentally discovered by radiological investigation. The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas increases with age, increasing to around 3% at aged 50years and 10% in the elderly. The majority of these lesions are benign >80%. Adrenal incidentalomas fall into one of three categories: Non-functioning tumours: these lesions are benign e.g. adenomas, adrenal cysts, haemato...